William Shakespeare’s Sonnet No. 65 (Since brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea): Addressing the Passage of Time on Earthly Things but not on Love

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SONNET NO. 65

Since brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea,
But sad mortality o'er-sways their power,
How with this rage shall beauty hold a plea,
Whose action is no stronger than a flower? 

O, how shall summer's honey breath hold out
Against the wreckful siege of battering days,
When rocks impregnable are not so stout,
Nor gates of steel so strong, but Time decays?

O fearful meditation! where, alack,
Shall Time's best jewel from Time's chest lie hid?
Or what strong hand can hold his swift foot back?
Or who his spoil of beauty can forbid? 

 O, none, unless this miracle have might,
 That in black ink my love may still shine bright. 

William Shakespeare’s Sonnet No. 65 continues the theme of the two sonnets preceding it, addressing the passage of time with the similar approach of how it destroys all earthly things. Sonnet No. 64 discusses the “lofty towers I see down-raz’d”, the “brass” which is “eternal slave to mortal rage,” or a victim to war, and the destruction of “the kingdom of the shore” by the “hungry ocean” Here again, “brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea” can escape the ravages of time.

Line 3 asks, “How with this rage shall beauty hold a plea,” characterizing beauty as the plaintiff in a legal dispute. Time is thus characterized as an unfair tyrant, against which delicate beauty stands no chance in court. The legal terminology is continued in the following line with the use of the word “action.” The idea of time’s “rage” links Sonnet No. 65 to the previous sonnet. In Sonnet No. 64, “brass” is described as an “eternal slave to mortal rage.” The term “rage” in association with time is also seen in Sonnet No.13, which refers to the “barren rage of death’s eternal cold.”

William Shakespeare
Line 6-8 present a metaphor of the seizure of a city, which would be the final destruction of war. In line 6, “the wreckful siege of battering days,” refers to ruin and destruction with the term “wreckful,” while. “Siege” implies the taking of a city. “Battering” calls to mind a battering ram, which is a huge beam of wood swung against the gates of a city to break them down and allow attacking army to enter. The “rocks impregnable” in line 7 refer to the city’s walls, which were thought to be impenetrable, and the “gates of steel” in line 8 are the gates of the besieged city.

Lines 10-12 pose three questions, which are answered in the final couplet. In line 10, “Time’s best jewel” refers to the beauty of youth, and “Time’s chest” is the place where Time eventually hides all youth: a coffin. Line 11’s question, “or what strong hand can hold his swift foot back?” suggests that Tme has a “swift foot,” or moves quickly, unstopped by even a strong hand held up helplessly against it. Line 12 asks how it is possible to stop time from destroying youth.

William Shakespeare’s Sonnet No. 63 uses the same idea of the physical quality of the black ink being transformed into something alive: “His beauty shall these black lines be seen, / And they shall live, and he in them still green.” The word “green” implies youth newness, as in the greenness of springtime, in the final couplet of Sonnet 65, the poet hopes, “That in black ink my love may still shine bright,” in this case, the hope that the love will “still shine bright” is a comparison to the sun, which time obscures with clouds.

Ardhendu De

 Ref: 
1.A Companion to Shakespeare Studies : H et al Granville-Barker : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/companiontoshake0000heta

2.William Shakespeare : the poems : Prince, F. T. (Frank Templeton), 1912- : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/williamshakespea0000prin

3. William Shakespeare : the poems : Prince, F. T. (Frank Templeton), 1912- : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/williamshakespea0000prin

4. Shakespearean Criticism, Volume 110 : Criticism of William Shakespeare’s Plays and Poetry, from the First Published Appraisals of Current Evaluations : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/shakespeareancri0000unse_f6s8

5. The complete works of William Shakespeare, with a full and comprehensive life; a history of the early drama; an introduction to each play; the readings of former editions; glossarial and other notes, etc., etc., from the work of Collier, Knight, Dyce, Douce, Halliwell, Hunter, Richardson, Verplanck, and Hudson. Edited by George Long Duyckinck : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. (n.d.). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/completeworksofw00shakuoft

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